Abstract
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyse the detraining process that occurs during a season break, and its influence on the performance, anthropometrics, and biomechanics of young swimmers. The sample included 54 young swimmers (22 boys: 12.79 ± 0.71 years; 32 girls: 11.78 ± 0.85 years). Performance for the 100 m freestyle and anthropometric and biomechanical variables were evaluated as main determinants. Performance impaired significantly for boys (2.17%) and girls (1.91%). All anthropometric variables increased between moments of assessment for boys and girls. Overall, the boys enhanced all biomechanical variables during the detraining period, and girls showed mixed results. For both sexes, the stroke index was the variable with the highest increase (boys: Δ = 16.16%; d = 0.89; p = 0.001; girls: Δ = 19.51%; d = 1.06; p = 0.002). Hierarchical linear modelling showed that the height retained the amount of impairment in the performance. One unit of increase in the height (cm) led to less 0.41 s impairment in the performance. Present data indicated that during an 11-weeks detraining period, young swimmers impaired their performance, but the determinant factors showed an impaired relationship. This increase in the determinant factors is mainly related to the increase in the swimmers’ anthropometrics. Moreover, the increase in height was responsible for retaining the performance impairment.
Highlights
Young swimmers’ training programmes are usually designed to make swimmers achieve two to three performance peaks over the year (Morais, Silva, Garrido, Marinho, & Barbosa, 2018; Zacca et al, 2020)
The aim of this study was to analyse the variations in performance, anthropometrics, and biomechanics after a season break to gather insights on the detraining process at such early ages
Data from our research revealed that boys were prone to increase their hydrodynamic, mechanical power, kinematics, and efficiency variables after an 11-week training break
Summary
Young swimmers’ training programmes are usually designed to make swimmers achieve two to three performance peaks (i.e., macro-cycles) over the year (Morais, Silva, Garrido, Marinho, & Barbosa, 2018; Zacca et al, 2020). In this sense, coaches, swimmers, and researchers are used to designing the training load according to such macro-cycles. After a peak-performance, swimmers undergo what is known as short-term detraining where they are submitted to insufficient training stimulus (less than four weeks) (Mujika & Padilla, 2000) In this case, in-water training load might be decreased, replaced, or.
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