How do superblock interventions influence health? A scoping review

Abstract

Cities are implementing interventions to radically transform public space and urban transportation networks. While these interventions are urgently needed, many questions remain regarding their impacts on health, and how they can be effectively replicated. In the case of Superblock interventions, it is assumed they have the potential to significantly improve urban environments and health. This study aims to identify the empirical evidence on Superblocks and their effects on health outcomes in different urban settings, in addition, to understand how these interventions are defined in the literature. We conducted a scoping review and identified extremely limited empirical evidence on the health effects, despite a range of literature emphasising the potential of Superblocks to improve health through various mechanisms. Increased access to green spaces within Superblocks is estimated to have significant health benefits, including reduced premature deaths, fewer hospital admissions, and improved mental health. Also, while Superblocks may increase physical activity levels, sustained increases may not be observed among all social groups. Further evaluations are needed to understand the full health effects of Superblocks in different urban settings.