How do Individual Differences in Attention Control and Working Memory Capacity Relate to Monitoring Automation?

Abstract

With the proliferation of automated tasks, software, and systems, humans are moving from an active participant in the function of a task to a passive monitor of an automated system that is completing that task. Unfortunately, humans are not well-suited for monitoring roles and there is a need to better understand the factors involved when humans successfully identify when an automated system fails. The goal for this research was to determine whether individual differences in attention control (as measured by the anti-saccade task) and working memory capacity (as measured by the shortened operation span) related to an individual’s ability to detect automation failures. In experiment 1, there was a significant positive relationship ( r = .31) between scores on the anti-saccade task and the number of automation failures that participants detected. In experiment 2, there was a significant positive relationship ( r = .32) between scores on the shortened operation span and the number of automation failures that participants’ detected. The results suggest that certain individuals are better suited for detecting automation failures. Selecting for these individuals may be a fruitful endeavor as automated systems continue to grow across society.