How do geriatricians evaluate decision-making ability for older adults with cognitive impairment? Results from an European survey.

Abstract

The assessment of decision-making ability of older adults with cognitive impairment is a complex challenge that geriatricians often face in relation to risk-taking situations (driving, aging in place, financial decisions, etc.). However, there are no clear and consensual practice guidelines. An overview of current practices and needs seemed necessary. We co-created and conducted an online survey to describe practice and knowledge, among European geriatricians. The survey was structured in 3 parts: a description of the professional's practice regarding cognitive impairment, a specific questionnaire about everyday risky decision-making evaluation and an investigation of the clinician's knowledge about relevant ethical and legal recommendations. Each part consisted of both multiple choice and open questions, analyzed through descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis methods. Based on the responses of 123 geriatricians across Europe, our survey showed that clinical interview is the cornerstone of geriatric assessment of decision-making ability of patients with mild to moderate dementia. When faced with risk-taking dilemma situations, geriatricians tend to favor a context of safety above autonomy, but they can support risky decision-making if it is consistent with the patient's previous lifestyle, depending on the degree of risk to self and others, on the decision-making ability assessed, and if there is some form of shared decision-making. Assessing decision-making ability is challenging for geriatricians, who in our study relied more on their clinical interview and global cognitive tests than more in-depth evaluations. Supporting independent decision-making, when associated with risk-taking, requires better detection and anticipation shared with the patient environment.