How Communities of Marine Stramenopiles Varied with Environmental and Biological Variables in the Subtropical Northwestern Pacific Ocean

Yun-Chi Lin,Gwo-Ching Gong,Jinny Wu Yang,Chih-Hao Hsieh,Chi-Yu Shih,Chien-Pang Chin,Szu-Ying Chen,Kuo-Ping Chiang

doi:10.1007/s00248-021-01788-7

Abstract

MArine STramenopiles (MASTs) have been recognized as parts of heterotrophic protists and contribute substantially to protist abundances in the ocean. However, little is known about their spatiotemporal variations with respect to environmental and biological factors. The objectives of this study are to use canonical correspondence analysis to investigate how MASTs communities are shaped by environmental variables, and co-occurrence networks to examine their potential interactions with prokaryotic communities. Our dataset came from the southern East China Sea (sECS) in the subtropical northwestern Pacific, and involved 14 cruises along a coastal-oceanic transect, each of which sampled surface water from 4 to 7 stations. MASTs communities were revealed by metabarcoding of 18S rDNA V4 region. Most notably, MAST-9 had a high representation in warm waters in terms of read number and diversity. Subclades of MAST-9C and -9D showed slightly different niches, with MAST-9D dominating in more coastal waters where concentrations of nitrite and Synechococcus were higher. MAST-1C was a common component of colder water during spring. Overall, canonical correspondence analysis showed that MASTs communities were significantly influenced by temperature, nitrite and Synechococcus concentrations. The co-occurrence networks showed that certain other minor prokaryotic taxa can influence MAST communities. This study provides insight into how MASTs communities varied with environmental and biological variables.

Highlights

Heterotrophic protists are ubiquitous in the oceans, with an abundance ranging from 102 to 104 cells ml−1 [1]
MArine STramenopiles (MASTs)-9 was generally found to be a minor member in MASTs communities [11], but may contribute a significant portion of MAST reads in the southern East China Sea (sECS) (Fig. 5)
In the Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) data, MAST-1C was the most abundant read followed by MAST-12A, whereas MAST-9 contributed a relatively low proportion (Fig. S3)

Summary

Introduction

Heterotrophic protists are ubiquitous in the oceans, with an abundance ranging from 102 to 104 cells ml−1 [1]. University, Keelung, Taiwan functions in marine ecosystems [2, 3] They act as consumers of prokaryotic and eukaryotic picoplankton [4, 5], and some can parasitize and symbiose with different microbes [6, 7]. They are a crucial trophic link in microbial food webs, and influence the taxonomic composition and physiological status of microbial communities [8]. Little information is available about their ecological distribution within higher taxonomic levels in marine ecosystems

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Conclusion