Abstract
This chapter addresses the question of how people build social and political power from below, how civil resistance succeeds, and whether there are conditions under which civil resistance is impossible. It emphasizes the crucial point that civil resistance campaigns succeed when they become large and diverse enough to reflect a serious challenge to the status quo and when they begin to create defections from their opponent's side. It explains why nonviolent revolutions have succeeded more often than violent revolutions. The chapter shows why mass participation, defections, tactical innovation, and resilience against repression have helped people to overcome long odds and succeed using civil resistance. It elaborates how nonviolent movements succeed, and whether there are situations in which nonviolent resistance is impossible.
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