Abstract
The valorization of by-products from natural organic sources is an international priority to respond to environmental and economic challenges. In this context, electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM), a green and ultra-selective process, was used to separate peptides from salmon frame protein hydrolysate. For the first time, the simultaneous separation of peptides by three ultrafiltration membranes of different molecular-weight exclusion limits (50, 20, and 5 kDa) stacked in an electrodialysis system, allowed for the generation of specific cationic and anionic fractions with different molecular weight profiles and bioactivity responses. Significant decreases in peptide recovery, yield, and molecular weight (MW) range were observed in the recovery compartments depending on whether peptides had to cross one, two, or three ultrafiltration membranes. Moreover, the Cationic Recovery Compartment 1 fraction demonstrated the highest increase (42%) in glucose uptake on L6 muscle cells. While, in the anionic configuration, both Anionic Recovery Compartment 2 and Anionic Recovery Compartment 3 fractions presented a glucose uptake response in basal condition similar to the insulin control. Furthermore, Cationic Recovery Compartment 3 was found to contain inhibitory peptides. Finally, LC-MS analyses of the bioassay-guided bioactive fractions allowed us to identify 11 peptides from salmon by-products that are potentially responsible for the glucose uptake improvement.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex multifactorial disorder resulting from insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction [1]
We recently reported that in a mouse model of obesity, a low molecular weight peptide (LMWP) fraction (
The simultaneous separation of peptides by three UF membranes (50, 20, and 5 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO)) stacked in an electrodialysis system allowed for the generation of specific cationic and anionic fractions with different MW profiles and levels of glucose uptake response
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex multifactorial disorder resulting from insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction [1]. This disease is growing at an alarming rate and is predicted to account for more than 350 million cases by 2030 [2]. Other fish protein sources than salmon have been reported for their metabolic properties in animal models and in humans [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. The value-added aspects of organic by-products have become a priority in order to respond to the sustainability, environmental, economic, and regulatory challenges [14,15]
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