Abstract
University–industry technology transfer (UITT) plays an important role in the construction of the national pharmaceutical innovation system. The speculations of a faculty inventor may hinder the successful transfer of pharmaceutical research results. This paper divides the specific process of the transformation of pharmaceutical research results into two parts: (1) an evolutionary game between faculty inventors and universities; and (2) a Stackelberg game between faculty inventors and pharmaceutical companies. Further, we carry out numerical simulations to analyze the impact of transformation success rate, income distribution coefficient, and a faculty inventor’s future working years on the transformation of pharmaceutical research results. The findings indicated that whether a combination of action strategies of faculty inventors and universities can evolve to the optimal equilibrium is determined by many factors, such as the technological transaction price of the pharmaceutical company and the reward or the income obtained by the faculty inventor. The transformation success rate and the income distribution coefficient are the key factors that affect the faculty inventor’s will and the behavior of the pharmaceutical company. The conclusions of this paper contribute to the research on how we can improve the success rate of research results and avoid resource waste, and provide a decision-making reference for the management of pharmaceutical research results in universities.
Highlights
Technological innovation has become an essential factor influencing economic fluctuations that occur with the continuous improvements in globalization [1]
From Proposition 1 and Figure 13, we can see that, first, the transformation success rate of pharmaceutical research results in universities is negatively related to a faculty inventor’s willingness to “comply with the rules”, that is, most pharmaceutical research results transformed are directly transformed by faculty inventors through “speculative behavior”
An evolutionary game model and a Stackelberg game model are used to discuss decision-making in the transformation of pharmaceutical research results between faculty inventors and universities and faculty inventors and pharmaceutical companies
Summary
Technological innovation has become an essential factor influencing economic fluctuations that occur with the continuous improvements in globalization [1]. H Brooks, an American scholar, first defined technology transfer, in 1966, as the process of human activities to disseminate technological results. In the field of medicine, the use of basic scientific research to achieve commercially viable technological and pharmaceutical innovations is critical to pharmaceutical progress [2]. According to the World Health Organization, “health technology” refers to “the application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of equipment, drugs, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve health problems and improve the quality of life” [3]. Pharmaceutical research and development is a tedious process; once successful, it will be of great help to future clinical practice. The pharmaceutical research results of faculty inventors
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