Abstract
The way we make, use, and throw away our clothes and other textile products is unsustainable. Textile production is among the most pollutant industrial activity, consuming lake-sized volumes of fresh water, discharging hazardous chemicals, creating microplastic pollution from synthetic fibers, consuming unrenewable resources, and contributing more to climate change than international aviation and shipping combined. So, new technologies need to be applied throughout the textile production chain to minimize the environmental impact. The answer for the change can be in microorganisms. Microbial enzymes, powerful catalysts, can substitute chemicals during several processing steps, as well as, they can work in solid and water waste treatment. Microorganisms can produce biopigments that can confer color to fibers instead of synthetic dyes. The versatile metabolisms of microorganisms can be explored to produce new products from textile waste, like bioethanol, or produce new material as bacterial cellulose and recombinant silk. Even the entire microbial cell can be used as intelligent composites. This review aims to show how microorganisms offer several opportunities to improve the sustainability of the textile industry and expose the idea that microorganisms may support the future of the textile/fashion industry.
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