Abstract
Following the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors, an unexpected pattern of response designated as hyperprogression may be observed in certain patients. This paradoxical response corresponds to an acceleration in tumor growth and a dramatic decrease of patient survival. The reported incidence rates of hyperprogressive disease are highly variable, ranging between 4 and 29%. In this review, we have performed a literature search on hyperprogressive disease, including both retrospective studies and case reports, and discuss potential predictive biomarkers as well as potential mechanisms associated with immune-checkpoint inhibitor associated hyperprogression.
Highlights
Since approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 of the first antibody, ipilimumab, targeting an immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) [1], this class of inhibitors has rapidly developed to include a large variety of cancer indications
Monoclonal antibodies targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 are currently approved for the treatment of numerous cancers, significant responses to immunotherapy remain restricted to a minority of patients and certain tumor types
The aim of this review is to provide an update about hyperprogressive disease (HPD) and potential mechanisms explaining how ICI can induce this phenomenon
Summary
Morgane Denis 1,2, Michael Duruisseaux 1,3, Marie Brevet 1,4 and Charles Dumontet 1*. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology. Following the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors, an unexpected pattern of response designated as hyperprogression may be observed in certain patients. This paradoxical response corresponds to an acceleration in tumor growth and a dramatic decrease of patient survival. The reported incidence rates of hyperprogressive disease are highly variable, ranging between 4 and 29%. We have performed a literature search on hyperprogressive disease, including both retrospective studies and case reports, and discuss potential predictive biomarkers as well as potential mechanisms associated with immune-checkpoint inhibitor associated hyperprogression
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