Abstract
The B-cell immune system is functionally compartmentalized into B1- and B2-cell subsets. Both developmental and Ag selection processes collaborate in the establishment of these populations. The earliest-detected hematopoletic progenitors in the mouse embryo (8.5 d.p.c. paraaortic splanchnopleura; 12-13 d.p.c. omentum) preferentially undergo differentiation processes leading to B1 lymphocytes. This could be due either to intrinsically programmed progenitors or to the specific inductive microenvironments where these HSC maturate. B1- and B2-specific pre-B cells remain in perinatal and adult stages, showing that the B1/B2 divergence occurs before final B-cell maturation. In contrast to B2 cells, mature B1 lymphocytes are prone to IgM-plasma cell differentiation and, thus, contribute importantly to the natural pool of serum antibodies and actual Ig repertoires. The early-born B1-cell population is maintained and positively selected during the whole individual lifespan and controls the adult bone marrow B-lymphopoiesis at the critical late pre-B/ immature B-cell interphase. This is relevant to the selection of Ig repertoires and might be implicated in the establishment of B-cell tolerance at the central level.
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