Abstract

This article looks at the intersection of religion and politics in the evolution of the Sikh tradition in the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods in the Indian subcontinent. The Sikh notion of sovereignty is at the heart of the intersection of religious and secular domains, and this relationship is examined empirically and theoretically. In particular, the conception of mīrī-pīrī is presented as a possible explanation for understanding the ‘new developments’ in contemporary Sikh politics in India.

Highlights

  • The purpose of this essay is to look at the changing dynamics of the intersection of religion and politics at various historical junctures in the evolution of the Sikh tradition, thereby understanding the more recent developments in Sikh politics in the Punjab

  • The intersection between religion and politics has always been an integral part of the dynamics in the evolution of the Sikh tradition

  • The seeds of sovereignty sown by Guru Nanak flowered in the form of an ideology of mırı-pırıfor a new religious-political dispensation

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Summary

Introduction

The purpose of this essay is to look at the changing dynamics of the intersection of religion and politics at various historical junctures in the evolution of the Sikh tradition, thereby understanding the more recent developments in Sikh politics in the Punjab. We can comprehend this intersection between religion and politics in contemporary Punjab only if we try to understand briefly the historical development of early Sikh tradition by means of the Sikh Gurus’ attitude to minority formations in the face of powerful politics of Mughal Empire and in the face of hegemonic Brahminical traditions For this purpose, we will address the following questions: How did Guru Nanak (1469–1539) and his successors resist what some scholars and interpreters understand as the brutal state structures of their times? It challenges the reductionist approach that defines the Sikh culture as a religion of interior devotion limited essentially to the private sphere without taking into account its relevance in political, economic and social arenas of public sphere

Historical Context of Early Sikh Formations
Establishing a Divine Kingdom at Ramdaspur
Mounting a Non-Violent Protest March
Institutionalizing the Khalsa
Keys’ Affair
Guru-Ka-Bagh Morcha
Jaito Morcha
Punjabi Sūbā Agitation
Akali Protest against National Emergency
Declaration of Independent Sikh State by the Sarbat Khalsa
Current Issues
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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