Abstract
The technostress model has introduced different factors to consider when assessing how information and communication technologies impact individuals in different work settings. This systematic review gathers evidence regarding associations between occupational exposure to technostress and health or work outcomes. In addition, we highlight typical methodological constraints of the technostress model. We conducted electronic literature searches in June 2020 (PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, PsycArticles) and independently screened 321 articles. We report on 21 articles meeting eligibility criteria (working population, technostress exposure, health or work outcome, quantitative design). The most frequently examined techno-stressors, i.e., factors of technostress, were techno-overload and techno-invasion. Techno-stressors were consistently associated with adverse health and work outcomes, apart from a positive impact on work engagement. However, studies may be subject to considerable conceptual overlap between exposure and outcome measures. Future technostress research would benefit from reducing heterogeneity in technostress measures, assessing their external validity and focussing on specific techno-stressors.
Highlights
We focused on the extent to which samples in studies of technostress represented variation with respect to sociodemographic characteristics
After deduplication according to validated steps [21], 321 articles were screened based on title and abstract
We found that when operationalising information and communication technologies (ICT) exposures with the technostress model, technooverload was the most commonly examined techno-stressor in 17 studies (81% of studies), followed by techno-invasion in 16 studies (76%), techno-insecurity in 11 studies (52%), techno-complexity in 8 studies (38%) and techno-uncertainty in 7 studies (33%), as previously described elsewhere [15]
Summary
Throughout history, there have been claims that technologies are proliferating and revolutionising work, even if the term digitalisation did not yet exist and the technologies to which it refers keep changing [1]. Benefits of technologies may come along with costs [2], which studies in the field of technostress have termed the dark side of technology [3]. In addition to the costs involved in acquiring them [4], there may be hidden costs for worker satisfaction and health. These are contextually influenced and a scientific challenge to classify, quantify and make visible [4]
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