Abstract
Realistic FLRW cosmic coasting models which contain matter now appear to be a reasonable alternative in explaining the accumulated Supernova Cosmology Project data since 1998. In sharp contrast to the unrealistic original classic Milne universe, which was entirely devoid of matter, these modified Milne-type models containing matter, often referred to as realistic linear Rh = ct models, have rapidly become the primary competition with standard cosmology. This paper compares the expected relative luminosity distances and relative angular diameter distances for given magnitudes of redshift within these two competing models. A simple ratio formula is derived, which explains how expected luminosity distances and angular diameter distances for given magnitudes of redshift within a realistic Milne-type cosmic expansion could create the illusion (for standard model proponents) of cosmic acceleration where none exists.
Highlights
Introduction and BackgroundWhile final observations of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) are eagerly awaited, there is a vigorous debate in the scientific community as to whether cosmic acceleration is a reality or an illusion
In sharp contrast to the unrealistic original classic Milne universe, which was entirely devoid of matter, these modified Milne-type models containing matter, often referred to as realistic linear Rh = ct models, have rapidly become the primary competition with standard cosmology
If an observer of distant Type Ia supernovae expects particular luminosity distances, or angular diameter distances, corresponding to particular redshifts and, instead, sees greater-than-expected luminosity distances or greater-than-expected angular diameter distances, this can be misinterpreted by a standard model proponent as indicative of cosmic acceleration
Summary
While final observations of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) are eagerly awaited, there is a vigorous debate in the scientific community as to whether cosmic acceleration is a reality or an illusion. Some very recent papers [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] present compelling statistical analysis of the accumulated data which clearly shows that cosmic acceleration is not yet proven 2. Ratio of Standard Model Luminosity Distance to Realistic Milne-Type Model Luminosity Distance. Based upon relations (1) and (2), the ratio of the standard model luminosity distance to the realistic Milne-type model luminosity distance, expressed as a function of redshift term z, is given by LCDM dL = (1+ z ). With substitution of redshift term s for redshift term z, this ratio of the standard model luminosity distance to the realistic Milne-type model luminosity distance is given by ( ) LCDM dL = 2s. At this magnitude of redshift is the luminosity distance point of intersection for these models (See Figure 1 below)
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