台灣魚腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.) 收集系揮發油變異性之研究

Abstract

The thirty-five collections of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. collected in Taiwan were used as materials to investigated the variation of plant parts , cropping seasons and growth stages for the content of volatile oils and oil components in the aerial part. In addition, the estimators such as correlation analysis for volatile oil components and anatomic characters were used to reference. The results follow that after investigation, the weights of fresh rhizome in thirty-five collections were larger than fresh aerial part, but content of volatile oil in the aerial part were larger than in the rhizome. Content of volatile oil in the aerial part and rhizome were at the highest level in spring cropping, especial at flowering and fruiting stage. After analysis of volatile oil components content in different plant part, the content of myrcene was as follows in the aerial part more than in rhizome, the contents of methyl-n-nonyl ketone, α-pinene, β-pinene, and d-limonene were as follows in rhizome more than in the aerial part, and the contents of α-pinene, β-pinene, and d-limonene in the aerial part of most collections were almost undetectable. In life cycle, the contents of all volatile oil components in the aerial part were at the highest level at flowering stage (in June) and therewith lost quickly. When end of July, plants were cut, the contents of all volatile oil components in the aerial part increase gradually, and at the high level in November, and therewith at the lowest level. The results of ANOVA indicate that the treatment of collections, cropping seasons and the interaction of collections and cropping seasons get a significant level for volatile oils content and volatile oil components content of the aerial part. Mean of fresh aerial part weights of all collections in fall cropping was larger than mean in spring cropping. In spring cropping, collection 35 was at the highest level and collection 6, 31 were at lowest level for fresh aerial part weights. In fall cropping, collection 3 was at the highest level and collection 5 were at lowest level for fresh aerial part weights. Mean of volatile oils content for all collections in spring cropping was larger than mean in fall cropping. In spring cropping, collection 7, 18 were at the highest level and collection 6 was at lowest level for volatile oils content; in fall cropping, collection 7, 26 were at the highest level and collection 6 was at lowest level for volatile oils content. Mean of methyl-n-nonyl ketone and myrcene contents for all collections in spring cropping was larger than mean in fall cropping. In spring cropping, collection 18 was at the highest level and collection 5, 31 were at lowest level for methyl-n-nonyl ketone content; collection 7 was at the highest level and collection 24 was at lowest level for myrcene content. In fall cropping, collection 26 was at the highest level and collection 1 was at lowest level for methyl-n-nonyl ketone content; collection 7, 30 were at the highest level and collection 6 was at lowest level for myrcene content. Distributes and numbers of oil cell in tissues of the aerial part differed with collections, coefficient of oil cell numbers variation in stem was larger than in leaf, and coefficient of oil cell numbers variation in midrib was smallest. According to correlation analysis for volatile oils, fresh weight of the aerial part was reciprocal positively correlated with content of volatile oils and content of myrcene; content of volatile oils of the aerial part was reciprocal positively correlated with contents of methyl-n-nonyl ketone and myrcene. Content of methyl-n-nonyl ketone was positively correlated with oil cells in leaf; oil cells in leaf were reciprocal positively correlated with oil cells in midrib. The thirty-five collections could be distinguish into four groups and five groups respectively by weights of fresh aerial part, content of volatile oils, and content of methyl-n-nonyl ketone in spring and fall cropping. In spring or fall cropping, collection 7 was at the highest level and collection 6 was at the lowest level for fresh weights of the aerial part, content of volatile oils and it’s components in all collections.