Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of the housing indicators used by the single-family housing rating systems (SHRSs), in which the residential urban environment (RUE) influences buildings’ certification scores, emphasizing the relationships of six systems developed by middle-income countries (MICs)—BEST, CASA, GBI, BERDE, Green Homes, and LOTUS—and the two most-recognized rating systems, BREEAM and LEED. The aim is to provide new housing indicators that are capable of bringing the concept of sustainability into the cities of MICs. The results reveal that the percentage of influence that single-family housing (SFH) can achieve in the metric established by each system is relatively low. However, considering all of the identified indicators, this influence could increase to 53.16% of the total score in multi-criteria evaluations. Furthermore, a significant lack of indicators for mandatory criteria evaluations was found, with CASA being the only system that considers their inclusion. This paper identifies 37 indicators for multi-criteria assessments and two for mandatory-criteria assessments, providing new perspectives on several topics. Furthermore, the methodology established to obtain the indicators could be useful for other researchers in the identification of new sustainable indicators.
Highlights
IntroductionConsidering the enormous impact of human activity, e.g., climate change and environmental destruction [2,3,4], as well as the constant trend toward urbanization [5,6], the unavoidable truth is that humanity must face up to the challenge of creating livable and sustainable urban habitats while maintaining and developing cities [7,8,9]
This study presents a comparative analysis of the housing indicators used by the single-family housing rating systems (SHRSs), in which the residential urban environment (RUE) influences buildings’ certification scores, emphasizing the relationships of six systems developed by middle-income countries (MICs)—BEST, CASA, GBI, BERDE, Green Homes, and LOTUS—and the two most-recognized rating systems, BREEAM and LEED
This paper has provided 39 indicators (SHIRUEs) for assimilating sustainability into the cities of MICs by means of the RUE recognized by the SHRSs
Summary
Considering the enormous impact of human activity, e.g., climate change and environmental destruction [2,3,4], as well as the constant trend toward urbanization [5,6], the unavoidable truth is that humanity must face up to the challenge of creating livable and sustainable urban habitats while maintaining and developing cities [7,8,9]. Housing indicators are resources that make it possible to study the issues and conditions of human settlements, as well as providing the basis for their monitoring [10]. They are considered as useful resources to help in promulgating sustainable political decisions [6]. It is important to consider these indicators during the planning process of cities because the qualities of residential urban environments (RUEs) can seriously affect their livability [11,12,13,14,15]
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