Abstract

Recent population censuses in many advanced industrial countries have highlighted the growing number of elderly in the rural areas. Additionally, industralisation in the urban areas of developing countries has, to a certain degree caused significant changes of traditional family structure and has resulted in nuclear conjugal families. Likewise, the ageing phenomenon in Malaysia is inevitable due to the exponential increase in the elderly population. Furthermore, rapid urbanisation and out-migration of rural young generation, has had a significant impact on the population of Malaysia. This is reflected by the high proportion of elderly and high dependency in the rural areas. The issues and demographic pattern of the elderly are divergent and varies from the urban to the rural setting. This article looks at the housing implications of the ageing population in Malaysia in general, and in the rural and urban setting specifically. The study examines the housing aspirations of the elderly living in the urban and rural areas in Malaysia. Future housing plans and the kind of living arrangement the Malaysian elderly seek are explored based on the urban-rural locational aspect. In the effort to provide better quality housing for urban and rural elderly, a face-to-face survey interview was conducted on Malaysian aged 50 years and older living in the Kuala Lumpur (urban) and Kelantan (rural) areas. The findings indicate that most elderly in the urban and the rural areas prefer to age-in-place and stay in a familiar environment. The rural elderly has a stronger preference to ageing in place. A majority of the elderly also indicated a preference to live close to their children, which suggests strong family values amongst Malaysians. The study further revealed that the elderly are more likely to either renovate or improve, especially, the bedroom and bathroom areas to avoid accidents. The elderly in the rural area preferred landed housing in the form of either a single or double storey bungalow, whilst, the elderly in the urban area are more open and willing to move to other housing options, for example, strata housing, and other forms of landed housing, for example, terrace house and bungalow. It is recommended that a policy be introduced to promote ageing-in-place and takes into account the aspirations, preferences, behaviour and opinions of the elderly in Malaysia.

Highlights

  • IntroductionThe steady increase of the elderly will render Malaysia an aging nation status by 2030

  • It is imperative that by 2030 when Malaysia achieved the status of an Ageing Nation, the necessary blueprint to promote and support agingin-place are set and the housing aspiration of the elderly are met

  • Each housing policy should commence by identifying the exact housing needs of these elderly

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Summary

Introduction

The steady increase of the elderly will render Malaysia an aging nation status by 2030. The elderly population in Malaysia has increased significantly from 0.5 million in the 1970’s to about 2.3million in 2010. It is forecasted that by 2030, the elderly population will increase to 15 percent of the total population in Malaysia (Hamid et al, 2013; Sulaiman, 2011). With increased urbanisation and modernisation, the social characteristics of Malaysians have gradually change in tandem. These changes has expanded educational and job opportunities, resulted in smaller family size, intensified online connectivity activities and further promoted the migration of the younger populations to the urbanised areas (Duflot, 2012). The needs, expectations and aspirations of the elderly in the urban and rural areas may differ greatly due to

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