Abstract
We did this study to observe the secondary infection rate and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 among household contacts and its associations with various factors across four dimensions of interaction. This was a case-ascertained study among unvaccinated household contacts of a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case in New Delhi between December 2020 and July 2021. For this study, 99 index cases and their 316 household contact were interviewed and sampled (blood and oro-nasal swab) on day 1, 7, 14, and 28. The secondary infection rate among unvaccinated household contacts was 44.6% (95% Confidence Interval: 39.1 - 50.1). The predictors of secondary infection among individual contact levels were being female (Odd Ratio (OR): 2·13), increasing age (OR 1·01), symptoms at baseline (OR 3·39), and symptoms during the follow-up (OR 3·18). Among index level, age of the primary case (OR 1·03) and symptoms during follow-up (OR 6·29), while among household-level and contact patterns, having more rooms (OR 4·44) and taking care of the index case (OR 2·02), respectively were significantly associated with secondary infection. A high secondary infection highlights the need to adopt strict measures and advocate COVID-19 appropriate behaviors. The targeted approach at higher risk household contacts would efficiently limit infection among susceptible contacts.
Published Version
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