Abstract
Extending our recently published SU(2) results for zero temperature, we now compute the QCD equation of state for finite isospin density within the three-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model in the mean field approximation, motivated by the recently obtained lattice QCD results for both zero and finite temperatures. Like our previous study, here also we have considered both the commonly used traditional cutoff regularization scheme and the medium separation scheme. Our results are compared with recent high-precision lattice simulations as well as previously obtained results in two-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. The agreement between the lattice results and the predictions from three-flavor NJL model is very good for low values of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{I}$ (for both zero and finite temperatures). For larger values of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{I}$, the agreement between lattice data and the two-flavor NJL predictions is surprisingly good and better than with the three-flavor predictions.
Highlights
As the fundamental theory of strong interactions, the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) has been studied from different angles over the years
III, we present and discuss our results obtained with the traditional regularization scheme and with the medium separation scheme, for both zero and finite temperature
We have considered the SU(3) version of the NJL model at finite isospin imbalance incorporating the strange quark sector and the Kobayashi-Maskawa-’t Hooft (KMT) determinant for both the zero and finite temperature cases
Summary
As the fundamental theory of strong interactions, the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) has been studied from different angles over the years. First bunch of lattice QCD results at finite temperature and isospin density appeared in early 2000s [6,7] with dynamical u and d quarks, with unphysical pion masses and/or an unphysical flavor content This followed various studies by other available theoretical tools yielding qualitatively similar results. In spite of being a subset of boson stars [55,56,57,58,59], pion stars are free from hypothetical beyond standard model contributions like QCD axion This gave us a scenario to work with finite isospin density along with zero temperature and zero baryon density which bypasses the sign problem unlike systems with high baryon densities. Thermodynamic results and the T − μI phase diagram are presented and compared with the other state-of-the-art calculations
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