Abstract
Abstract. This paper addresses the development of flow sensors optimized for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems. The sensors are based on the printed circuit board technology facilitating robust, flexible (in terms of layout), and cost-effective devices. Two approaches for measuring fluid quantities like flow velocity over the whole cross section are investigated in this context. The first one relies on hot-film transduction and stands out for its simplicity, but also shows some severe limitations, which can be circumvented by the second approach based on calorimetric transduction. Supported by extensive numerical simulations, several sensor embodiments were investigated and fabricated. After experimental characterization, measurement and simulation results were compared, which turned out to be in good agreement.
Highlights
The supply of today’s urban agglomerations would not be possible without modern energy technology
A development of flow sensors for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning is presented in this paper
The first approach was based on the hot-film transduction principle
Summary
The supply of today’s urban agglomerations would not be possible without modern energy technology. Big residential and commercial buildings demand continuous power supply, where about 35 % of their total energy use is consumed by air conditioning and heating units, the so-called HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) systems. Two-thirds of this amount is attributable to private living space and one-third to service buildings (Perez-Lombard et al, 2008). Significant improvements have been made in order to reduce the overall energy consumption, but actions still have to be taken in the service sector. Analyses have shown that up to 40 % of the energy demand can be saved by optimizing the air ventilation and conditioning systems (Fitzner, 2008). Flow parameters like flow velocity, air rate, and flow direction are potential key parameters in the optimization of building automation and environmental monitoring
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