Hot deformation behavior of Sc/Nb modified AA2195 Al–Li–Cu alloys

Abstract

The hot workability of third generation AA2195 (Al–Li–Cu–Ag–Mg–Zr) alloy with different Sc (0.15–0.25 wt%) and Nb (0.15–0.25 wt%) additions in the homogenized condition was investigated using processing maps approach. The additions of Sc and Nb were found to be beneficial in refining the as-cast grain size of AA2195 and changing the morphology from less dendritic grain structure to a globular or equiaxed form. Hot compression tests carried out in the temperature, T, range of 300–450 °C and strain rate, ε˙, of 10−3 – 10 s−1 were utilized to generate processing maps at a true strain, ε = 0.5. The flow curves of the alloys exhibit a typical dynamic recovery (DRV) characteristics and Arrhenius type constitutive equations successfully predicted flow stress of the alloys. The results obtained from the processing maps and complementary microstructural analysis of the deformed specimens revealed that 0.15 wt% additions of Sc and Nb (separately or in combination) are optimum to improve its workability. However, increasing Sc and Nb contents to 0.25 wt% relatively expanded flow instability regions. With the aid of the processing maps, deformed specimens microstructural analysis, activation energy and Zener-Hollomon parameter, Domain D-3 occurring at higher temperatures and strain rates were identified as the “safe” regimes for hot working of AA2195 with optimum Sc and Nb contents (0.15 wt% added separately or in combination). Limited pancake type grain morphology with higher fractions of dynamically recrystallized (DRX) grains was observed in Domain D-3. The microstructural manifestation in the flow instability regions was flow localization (at higher strain rates), cavities formation at the grain boundaries & precipitates, particles breakage and wedge cracking at the triple junctions at lower strain rates.