Abstract
The hot deformation behavior of a newly designed Fe–5Mn–3Al–0.1C (wt.%) medium manganese steel was investigated using hot compression tests in the temperature range of 900 to 1150 °C, at constant strain rates of 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 s−1. A detailed analysis of the hot deformation parameters, focusing on the flow behavior, hot processing map, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) critical stress, and nucleation mechanism, was undertaken to understand the hot rolling process of the newly designed steel. The flow behavior is sensitive to deformation parameters, and the Zener–Hollomon parameter was coupled with the temperature and strain rate. Three-dimensional processing maps were developed considering the effect of strain and were used to determine safe and unsafe deformation conditions in association with the microstructural evolution. In the deformation condition, the microstructure of the steel consisted of δ-ferrite and austenite; in addition, there was a formation of DRX grains within the δ-ferrite grains and austenite grains during the hot compression test. The microstructure evolution and two types of DRX nucleation mechanisms were identified; it was observed that discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) is the primary nucleation mechanism of austenite, while continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) is the primary nucleation mechanism of δ-ferrite. The steel possesses unfavorable toughness at the deformation temperature of 900 °C, which is mainly due to the presence of coarse κ-carbides along grain boundaries, as well as the lower strengthening effect of grain boundaries. This study identified a relatively ideal hot processing region for the steel. Further exploration of hot roll tests will follow in the future.
Highlights
Fe–Mn–Al–C type advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) have attracted considerable attention in the automobile industry due to their low density, excellent mechanical properties, and desirable fatigue properties, which could contribute to improvements in fuel economy and a decrease of exhaust emissions [1,2]
In conventional AHSSs, Si could be partially replaced by Al, since Al plays a similar role in suppressing the formation of cementite
When the temperature is lowered to 1439 ◦ C, the liquid phase has completely transformed to δ-F
Summary
Fe–Mn–Al–C type advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) have attracted considerable attention in the automobile industry due to their low density, excellent mechanical properties, and desirable fatigue properties, which could contribute to improvements in fuel economy and a decrease of exhaust emissions [1,2]. The main challenge faced by automotive steels is to find a balance between safety, the environment, energy, and cost. Previous studies have suggested that the use of AHSSs instead of conventional steels in a 1560 kg family car can save 390 kg of weight, and can reduce cost and pollutant discharge by 14% and 5.7%, respectively [3,4]. The addition of Al can be an effective way to decrease the densities of steels, which makes
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