Abstract
Titanium alloys are extensively employed in the fabrication of various aviation structural parts, of which the most crucial processing step is hot working. In order to study the high-temperature deformation behavior of the TC21 titanium alloy, high-temperature tensile tests were performed. The results reveal that the flow stress of the material gradually decreases with an increased strain rate, and the stress increases rapidly with an increase in strain during the deformation of the alloy. Following this, flow stress gradually decreases. Flow stress decreases sharply, and the sample fractures when the appearance of necking and microvoids is observed. The Arrhenius and Radial basis function (RBF) neural network constitutive models are established in order to accurately describe the high-temperature deformation behavior of the material. In the modified Arrhenius model, strain rate indexes are expressed as a function of deformation temperature and strain rates; furthermore, the high prediction ability of the model was obtained. For the Radial basis function, the network parameters were obtained using the trial-and-error method. The established models could better forecast the flow stress of materials, and highly accurate results are obtained using the radial basis function model. The relationships between the stress index and the deformation activation energy with strain indicate that the primary deformation mechanism involves grain boundary slip and viscous slip of dislocations. The process of dynamic recrystallization primarily promotes the softening of the material.
Highlights
Titanium alloys are the best choice in the fabrication of various aviation structural parts as they are characterized by high specific strength, good mechanical properties, and excellent corrosion resistance [1,2]
The dynamic recovery (DRV) and DRX that occurred in the α phase significantly affected the high-temperature deformation behavior of titanium alloys
Song et al [16] investigated the dynamic spheroidization of the dual-phase titanium alloy, and they reported that a small amount of the equiaxed α phase could be formed under high temperature, high ε, and large extents of deformation
Summary
Titanium alloys are the best choice in the fabrication of various aviation structural parts (such as landing gears used in aircraft and other structural components of aircraft) as they are characterized by high specific strength, good mechanical properties, and excellent corrosion resistance [1,2]. Matsumoto et al [10] reported high-temperature deformation behavior of single-phase Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr titanium alloy, and it was observed that the dynamic precipitation of the α phase affected the flow behavior of the material. Ning et al [13–15] studied DRV, DRX, and the work-hardening behavior of the TC18 alloy, and the constitutive model of the material was established. The DRV and DRX that occurred in the α phase significantly affected the high-temperature deformation behavior of titanium alloys. Peng et al [18] developed a high-temperature constitutive model to show the behavior of the TC4-DT titanium alloy. It was found that the MTS constitutive model was characterized by good prediction accuracy, and it could be effectively used to depict high-temperature flow behaviors of the materials. Abueidda et al [27] used deep learning to model the plasticity and thermo-viscoplasticity of titanium alloy
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