Host thymectomy and cyclosporine lead to unstable skin graft tolerance after class I mismatched allogeneic neonatal thymic transplantation in mice

Abstract

Background Our laboratory has demonstrated that xenogeneic porcine thymus tissue grafted in thymectomized (ATX) and T cell-depleted mice induces donor-specific tolerance. Recipient thymectomy is essential for the success of tolerance induction. In contrast, studies in pigs grafted with non-vascularized allogeneic class I mismatched thymus tissue under the cover of CyA have shown that removal of host thymus is detrimental to thymic graft survival. To determine the requirements for nonvascularized allogeneic class I-mismatched thymic engraftment in mice, we performed thymic allotransplantation under the cover of CyA. Materials and methods Euthymic and ATX B10.MBR mice received class I mismatched B10.AKM neonatal mouse thymus (NMTHY) tissue under the kidney capsule with or without a short course of CyA. The grafts were allowed to engraft for two and a half months before exploratory laparotomy was performed to evaluate them. Three months after the thymic transplant, mice were challenged with donor-specific skin grafts to assess tolerance. One month after donor-specific skin grafting, they received third party B10.BR skin grafts. Cellular anti-donor immune responses were studied at the time of euthanasia. Results CyA-treated ATX and euthymic control mice showed good engraftment of the allogeneic thymic tissue at the time of exploratory laparotomy, whereas non-CyA-treated ATX and euthymic controls had rejected the grafts. The CyA-treated ATX B10.MBR mice accepted donor-specific skin grafts, but rejected them following a challenge with third party B10.BR skin grafts. Untreated ATX and euthymic mice and 6 of 7 CyA-treated euthymic mice rejected donor skin within 15 days. Mixed lymphocyte reactions did not show an increased anti-donor response, but CML clearly showed sensitization and increased killing activity against donor-type targets in these mice. Conclusion Allogeneic thymic transplantation across a class I MHC barrier under the cover of CyA induces a metastable state of tolerance in mice. To achieve this state, ATX of the recipient is required.