Abstract
Amphiphilic antimicrobial polymers have attracted considerable interest as structural mimics of host defense peptides (HDPs) that provide a broad spectrum of activity and do not induce bacterial-drug resistance. Likewise, surface engineered polymeric-brush-tethered HDP is considered a promising coating strategy that prevents infections and endows implantable materials and medical devices with antifouling and antibacterial properties. While each strategy takes a different approach, both aim to circumvent limitations of HDPs, enhance physicochemical properties, therapeutic performance, and enable solutions to unmet therapeutic needs. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in each approach, spotlight the fundamental principles, describe current developments with examples, discuss benefits and limitations, and highlight potential success. The review intends to summarize our knowledge in this research area and stimulate further work on antimicrobial polymers and functionalized polymeric biomaterials as strategies to fight infectious diseases.
Highlights
The rapid rise and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens alongside the dwindling rate of antimicrobial drug development threaten global health and jeopardize economic stability [1,2,3]
A complete discussion theprovide mechanism of action of host defense peptides (HDPs) is beyond the we refer theSince readers to the many articlesof that an in-depth discussion scopeThe of benefits this article, we refer the readers to the many articles that provide an in-depth of HDPs over antibiotics and many other chemical compounds as a new discussion of generation antimicrobial agents rely on their multifaceted functionality; broad spectrum of activity, including most existing antibiotic-resistant superbugs; and low development of bacterial resistance due to their multiple bacterial targets and the rapid bactericidal effects
(2) Low susceptibility to develop bacterial resistance was observed with many polymer mimics of HDPs. (3) Polymers are generally stable against metabolic enzymes and provide stable macromolecules in long-term usage and storage
Summary
The rapid rise and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens alongside the dwindling rate of antimicrobial drug development threaten global health and jeopardize economic stability [1,2,3]. ScopeThe of benefits this article, we refer the readers to the many articles that provide an in-depth of HDPs over antibiotics and many other chemical compounds as a new discussion of generation antimicrobial agents rely on their multifaceted functionality; broad spectrum of activity, including most existing antibiotic-resistant superbugs; and low development of bacterial resistance due to their multiple bacterial targets and the rapid bactericidal effects. Despite these benefits, the progression of HDPs into viable drug candidates is yet to be achieved. It highlights the concept of engineering polymer brushes with HDPs in medical devices and implants to defeat infections and biofilms
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