Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminant (PPR) is an important transboundary, OIE-listed contagious viral disease of primarily sheep and goats caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), which belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. The mortality rate is 90–100%, and the morbidity rate may reach up to 100%. PPR is considered economically important as it decreases the production and productivity of livestock. In many endemic poor countries, it has remained an obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture. Hence, proper control measures have become a necessity to prevent its rapid spread across the world. For this, detailed information on the pathogenesis of the virus and the virus host interaction through cellular receptors needs to be understood clearly. Presently, two cellular receptors; signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and Nectin-4 are known for PPRV. However, extensive information on virus interactions with these receptors and their impact on host immune response is still required. Hence, a thorough understanding of PPRV receptors and the mechanism involved in the induction of immunosuppression is crucial for controlling PPR. In this review, we discuss PPRV cellular receptors, viral host interaction with cellular receptors, and immunosuppression induced by the virus with reference to other Morbilliviruses.
Highlights
Peste des Petits Ruminant (PPR), known as sheep and goat plague, is a highly contagious fatal viral disease of sheep and goats caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), which represents one of the most economically important animal diseases in areas whose economy relies on small ruminants
We focused on the molecules which have been cited as possible receptors for PPRV and discuss the impact of the interaction of cellular receptors with the virus on the disease pathogenesis and host immune response to the virus, with reference to other Morbilliviruses
The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and the cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4 are major cellular receptors required for PPRV to attach to cells [20,21]
Summary
Peste des Petits Ruminant (PPR), known as sheep and goat plague, is a highly contagious fatal viral disease of sheep and goats caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), which represents one of the most economically important animal diseases in areas whose economy relies on small ruminants. The primary hosts of PPRV are goats and sheep, but the degree to which different species of animals develop clinical disease varies. We focused on the molecules which have been cited as possible receptors for PPRV and discuss the impact of the interaction of cellular receptors with the virus on the disease pathogenesis and host immune response to the virus, with reference to other Morbilliviruses
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