HOST ASSOCIATIONS, PHENOTYPIC VARIATION, AND MATING COMPATIBILITY OF CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS AND C. RETINIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) POPULATIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON

Abstract

AbstractBrown larval morphs, diagnostic of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and green larval morphs, diagnostic of C. retiniana (Walsingham), were found on both Douglas-fir and white fir in mixed stands in south-central Oregon. The rank proportion of brown morphs in stands was strongly correlated with the rank proportion of Douglas-fir in host species basal area component. Despite considerable overlap in most phenotypic characters, differences in phenotypic frequencies between sympatric green and brown morphs were found in larval head capsule pigmentation, thoracic shield pigmentation, pupal coloration, and adult forewing ground color. In laboratory matings, neither larval host nor larval color morph influenced the mating success, as assessed by the production of viable eggs. Crosses between females reared from brown larval morphs and males from green morphs produced a slightly lower proportion of viable eggs when compared with intramorph matings. Larval host had little effect on either the fecundity of females or the viability of their progeny. Females reared from brown larval morphs produced significantly more eggs than their green counterparts from the same stand. The occurrence of intermediates in all mixed stands and the production of families with anomalous morph frequencies indicate that these two species hybridize in nature. The lack of much structural differentiation and varying efficacy of reproductive barriers indicate that relatively little differentiation of the regulatory genome has occurred between these two species.