Hospital admission rates for lower respiratory tract infections in infants in the Northwest Territories and the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut between 2000 and 2004

Abstract

Health care workers have long observed increased rates of hospital admissions for respiratory illness in infants from the northern regions of Canada. Particularly high rates have been reported in the Inuit population. The purpose of the present study was to compare rates of hospital admission in Inuit versus non-Inuit infants from the perspective of a single northern health region. A retrospective review of all hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants from the Northwest Territories and the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut between 2000 and 2004 was completed and admission rates were compared by health region. Hospital admission rates for LRTIs in infants were above the Canadian rate for all regions. The rate of hospital admission for LRTIs in infants from the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut was dramatically high at 590 hospital admissions/1000 live births in the first 12 months of life. The majority of hospitalized infants were previously healthy, non-breastfed term infants with no underlying disease. The rate of hospital admission in the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut is the highest reported in the current literature. The reason for such significant morbidity is difficult to explain and raises the question of an underlying predisposition to severe disease in this infant population. The question warrants further study to gain a better understanding of risk factors as well as the role of prevention.