Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers cause analysis and preventive measures

Abstract

Objective To analysis the causes and preventive measures of acquired pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients, and to provide evidences and references for strengthening hospital management of pressure ulcers. Methods We took a retrospective study to collect relevant information of 201 patients with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers from January 2012 to December 2014, and conducted a descriptive statistical analysis on the cause of the developed, high-risk departments and high-risk areas, then came up with preventive suggestions. Results The high incidence of 201 hospital-acquired pressure ulcers was oncology department, which accounted for 33.83%; the most common part was the sacrococcygeal region, which accounted for 59.2%; stage II was the most common stage of pressure ulcer, which accounted for 76.12%; 64.67% of the pressure ulcers happens within the first two weeks in hospital. Braden scoring less than 12 points that accounted for 58.21%; anemia accounted for 72.14%; hypoalbuminemia accounted for 75.62%; forced postures caused by pain or hydrothorax and ascite accounted for 26.87%; medical equipment pressure accounted for 10.95%. The use of vacuum pad accounted for 87.56%; turning over once every 2 hours accounted for 41.79%. Skin nursing according to the guide accounted for 62.19%; nutritional support through the mouth or vein accounted for 38.81%. Reporting to the nursing department timely after the occurrence accounted for 95.52%; found in ward rounds accounted for 1.99%; reported by patients or their families accounted for 1.49%; failure to report and found in the medical records accounted for 1.00%, the patient or family members to report accounted for 1.49%. Conclusions Cancer patients are high-risk groups of nosocomial pressure ulcers. The sacrococcygeal region is the high-risk area; stage II is the most common stage, and most of them happens within the first 2 weeks in hospital. Main reasons are hypoalbuminemia, anemia, forced postures, unable to turn over periodically, and the preventive care implementation is not enough. For cancer patients, preventive care is recommended, especially those patients with cancer pain, malnutrition and forced postures. Key words: Retrospective study; Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers; Analysis of causes; Countermeasure