Horse resistance to natural infestations of Anocentor nitens and Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate some aspects of horse resistance to natural infestations of Anocentor nitens and Amblyomma cajennense over a 2-year period. Free-living stages of A. nitens were used to evaluate the influence of season of the year on horse resistance. Every 2 weeks, 10 selected engorged females, weighing 150–329 mg, were removed from naturally infested horses and were individually placed into glass tubes closed with a cotton stopper, and maintained in an incubator. The biological parameters evaluated varied according to the season of the year, i.e., reproductive efficiency, maximum larval survival (MLS) and egg-hatching rates were significantly lower in spring/summer than in fall/winter. At 14-day intervals, females of A. nitens and A. cajennense were counted on each side of the body of five mares. A comparison between the animal with the lowest infestation and the animal with the highest infestation showed greater differences in animals infested with A. nitens than those infested with A. cajennense. Ten animals were found to carry 64.9% of the total parasite burden of A. cajennense and 88.6% of the highest infestations of A. nitens females. A seasonal variation on intensity of horse resistance to A. nitens was observed during the study. However, this was not observed for A. cajennense. Cross-resistance was observed in animals with the highest total number of A. cajennense and the highest number of A. cajennense adults ( r=0.817), larvae ( r=0.756), and A. nitens females ( r=0.799). These results led to the conclusion that changes in horse resistance to A. nitens occur seasonally. As far as the total population of A. cajennense and the female stage of A. nitens are concerned, horses develop cross-resistance.