Abstract
Horns are simple but effective means for improved performance of acoustical systems. Nowadays they are primarily used for sound emission (in loudspeakers) providing better impedance matching between the source and the medium. Applications of receiving horns as sound amplifiers are dated back to the beginning of the last century with the advent of telephones. At the present time, however, highly sensitive pressure sensors such as microphones and hydrophones rarely require additional amplifications for common applications. Recent progress in the development of the acoustic particle velocity sensors opened up many new opportunities in their utilization in air and fluids. Compared to the pressure sensors, however, the particle velocity sensors are less sensitive especially at low frequencies and may benefit from additional amplification provided by horns. Here we revisit theory and numerically analyze horn performance as an amplifier of particle velocity rather than impedance matching device or pressure concentrator.
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