Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) belong to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from hormone secreting cells. These tumors are often associated with a dysfunction of their secretory activity. Neuroendocrine secretion occurs through calcium-regulated exocytosis, a process that is tightly controlled by Rho GTPases family members. In this review, we compiled the numerous mutations and modification of expression levels of Rho GTPases or their regulators (Rho guanine nucleotide-exchange factors and Rho GTPase-activating proteins) that have been identified in NETs. We discussed how they might regulate neuroendocrine secretion.
Highlights
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute a group of neoplasms that arise from cells secreting hormones, amines, or peptides
We found that Rho guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) and Rho GTPases-activating proteins (GAPs) seem to be more affected than the Rho GTPases in another aspect
We showed that RhoA, which controls the organization of the cortical actin network at rest, can be recruited to the secretory granule membrane to regulate the phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase (PI 4-kinase) activity, modulating phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) level [79]
Summary
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute a group of neoplasms that arise from cells secreting hormones, amines, or peptides. In the last 10 years, many comprehensive reviews described Rho GTPases signaling as affecting a array of cancer biology aspects through the control of important cellular processes including polarity, large array of cancer biology aspects through the control of important cellular processes including cell cycle progression, cytoskeleton organization, motility, and intracellular membrane trafficking polarity, cell cycle progression, cytoskeleton organization, motility, and intracellular membrane [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19].
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