Abstract
Early loss of ovarian function can present insidiously with occasional periods of recovery. This occurs in the great majority of cases, and it should be identified as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Cases with sudden, definitive onset (due to bilateral ovariectomy or treatments usually related to oncological conditions) should be considered premature ovarian failure (POF). Therapy aims at treating hormone deficits and other underlying causes. POI symptoms include the classic short-term ones (vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, joint pain, mood changes, low energy and low libido, impaired memory, and concentration difficulties) as well as various repercussions on the lower genital tract, the cardiovascular system, bone mass (osteopenia, osteoporosis, increased fracture risk, arthrosis), cognitive function (cognitive dysfunction, especially memory and concentration problems, plus increased risk of dementia), mood, and loss of reproductive capacity.
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