Hormone imbalance of fetoplacental complex as a factor of premature birth

Abstract

Despite the sufficient study of the pathogenetic factors of preterm birth, there is currently no consensus on the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of disorders of the functional state of the fetoplacental complex in this complication of pregnancy, no unified methodological approaches to early diagnosis have been developed, and there are no standards for the examination and treatment of pregnant women with detected disorders.The purpose of the work. To investigate the level of FPC hormones in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth.Materials and methods. The main group consisted of pregnant women with signs of placental dysfunction and a history of miscarriage (50 women). The control group consisted of 50 healthy pregnant women. Determination of hormones (progesterone, estradiol, placental lactogen) was carried out by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The research was performed on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the instructions for the specified sets of reagents.Results. The content of the hormones estradiol, progesterone and placental lactogen during pregnancy was determined to study the changes in the placental system hormonal function of pregnant women with a threat of premature birth. The concentration of estradiol in the blood serum of pregnant women of the main group was below the norm during the entire pregnancy period. It leads to a decrease in estrogens and progesterone synthesis by the corpus luteum of the ovary, and then by the placenta. A reduction of these hormone levels, which take a direct part in the flow of basic biochemical and physiological processes in the muscles of the uterus, leads to an increase in the contractile activity of the myometrium, which is shown by the phenomena of placental dysfunction and premature birth.Conclusion. Studying the levels of hormones of the fetoplacental complex in pregnant women at risk will allow predicting the development of premature birth.