Abstract
Plants adapt to abiotic stress by undergoing diverse biochemical and physiological changes that involve hormone-dependent signalling pathways. The effects of regulators of polyamine biosynthesis can be mimicked by exogenous chemical regulators such as herbicide safeners, which not only enhance stress tolerance but also confer hormetic benefits such as increased vigor and yield. The phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) play key roles in regulating stress responses in plants. Two years pot trials at Slovak University of agriculture Nitra were carried out with analyses of contents of plant hormones in spring barley grain of variety Kompakt: indolyl-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), after exposing of tested plants to herbicide stress, as well as the possible decrease of these stress factors with application of regulators of polyamine synthesis was evaluated. At 1st year in spring barley grain after application of solo triazine herbicide treatment in dose 0,5 L.ha-1 an increase of all analyzed plant hormones was observed and contrary, at 2nd year there was the decrease of their contents. From our work there is an obvious influence of herbicide stress induced by application of certain dose of triazine herbicide at 1st year. Expect of the variant with mixture of triazine herbicide (in amount of 0,5 L.ha-1) and 29,6 g.ha-1 DAB, at this year all by us applied regulators of polyamine synthesis reduced the level of both plant hormones. Higher affect of stress caused by enhanced content of soluble macroelements in soil where the plants of barley were grown was observed next year. Soil with increased contents of macronutrients (mg.kg-1): N30.7 + P108.3 + K261.5 + Mg604.2 had reducing effect on contents of plant hormones in barley grain at variant treated with solo triazine herbicide (in dose at 0,5 L.ha-1) in comparison to control variant. The mixtures of regulators of polyamine synthesis reduced the contents of IAA only in comparison to control variant. Decline in amount of ABA in barley grain was observed only after treatment with GABA, also in comparison to variant treated with water. Other mixtures of morphoregulators in combination with herbicide had not strong influence on contents of tested plant hormones in barley grain of variety Kompakt.
Highlights
Herbicides are chemicals used to manage unwanted plants in agriculture and horticulture which are usually referred to as,weeds“ (Piñol, 2011).The herbicides selectivity is based on the plant's ability to rapidly metabolize the herbicide, forming non-phytotoxic compounds
The contents of plant hormones of indolyl acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in spring barley grain of variety Kompakt were analyzed in pot trials at SUA Nitra
In first year of our experiment there was an increase of content of both tested organic compounds at 6th variant after application of mixture triazine herbicide with regulators of polyamine biosynthesis DAP29.6 and the second highest value was found at 2nd variant where the stress situation was reached after application of solo triazine herbicide – statistically significant in comparison to 1st variant
Summary
Herbicides are chemicals used to manage unwanted plants in agriculture and horticulture which are usually referred to as ,,weeds“ (Piñol, 2011).The herbicides selectivity is based on the plant's ability to rapidly metabolize the herbicide, forming non-phytotoxic compounds. The phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) play key roles in regulating stress responses in plants.
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