Abstract
Controlled elicitation induces metabolite biosynthesis and enhances crop productivity by activating plant defense in a dose-dependent manner. However, elicitation studies often overlook the concept of hormesis. Here, we describe the response of celery seeds, a valuable source of bioactive phthalides, to elicitation from the hormesis approach. We evaluated 0.1, 1, and 10 mM salicylic acid and 15, 150, and 1500 µg mL−1 chitosan. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that Senkyunolide A is the major compound in celery seed CH2Cl2 extract. At the highest dose (10 mM), salicylic acid increased 2-fold Senkyunolide A content (15.2 ± 1.1 mg g−1) but also affected germination and seedling growth compared to the control. Chitosan induced a hormetic dose-response of antioxidant defense and seedling development variables, increasing 1.5-fold Senkyunolide A content (11.1 ± 1.5 mg g−1) and improving germination time at 15 µg mL−1 compared to the control. These findings show that both elicitors effectively increase the concentration of industrially relevant metabolites in celery seed.
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