Abstract
Horizontally assembled trapezoidal piezoelectric cantilevers driven by magnetic coupling were fabricated for rotational energy harvester applications. A dodecagonal rigid frame with an attached array of six trapezoidal cantilevers served as a stator for electrical power generation. A rotor disk with six permanent magnets (PMs) interacted magnetically with the counterpart cantilever’s tip-mass PMs of the stator by rotational motion. Each trapezoidal piezoelectric cantilever beam was designed to operate in a transverse mode that utilizes a planar Ag/Pd electrode printed onto lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric thick film. The optimized distance between a pair of PMs of the rotor and the stator was evaluated as approximately 10 mm along the same vertical direction to make the piezoelectric cantilever beam most deflectable without the occurrence of cracks. The theoretically calculated resistance torque was maximized at 46 mN·m for the optimized trapezoidal piezoelectric cantilever. The proposed energy harvester was also demonstrated for wind energy harvester applications. Its harvested output power reached a maximum of approximately 22 mW at a wind speed of 10 m/s under a resistive load of 30 kΩ. The output performance of the proposed energy harvester makes it possible to power numerous low-power applications such as smart sensor systems.
Highlights
Accepted: 13 January 2021Vibration-based energy harvesting technologies have been widely investigated with regard to the application of self-generated power devices that consume low amounts of electric power, such as internet of things sensors, by piezoelectric [1,2], electro-dynamic [3], magneto-electric [4,5], and other strategies [6,7]
The trapezoidal cantilever is tightly fixed with a rigid body at a position denoted by four holes on the trapezoidal substrate
The magnetic coupling effect can arise between two interacting permanent magnets (PMs); one is the proof-mass of the clamped cantilever and the other is a rotating magnet affixed onto the bottom surface of the rotor disk
Summary
Vibration-based energy harvesting technologies have been widely investigated with regard to the application of self-generated power devices that consume low amounts of electric power, such as internet of things sensors, by piezoelectric [1,2], electro-dynamic [3], magneto-electric [4,5], and other strategies [6,7]. Magneto-piezo-elastic (MPE) energy harvesting is one type of emerging technology by which to induce the mechanical vibration of a piezoelectric beam using a magnetic coupling effect for electrical power generation [8,9]. It is generally known that the geometry of a piezoelectric cantilever beam will greatly affect its ability to harvest vibration energy [10]. Piezoelectric energy harvesters generate power using a specific frequency (resonant frequency) at which maximized displacement is caused by vibration [11,12,13]. To overcome the limitation of the narrow operating frequency, which is a characteristic of piezoelectric harvesters, there have been studies showing the characteristics of a wide operating frequency band there have been various
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