Abstract
A horizontal jet emerging continuously from a small round nozzle (concentrated source of momentum) in a rotaing stratified fluid is investigated using laboratory experiments. The jet either (i) deflects from the direction of injection, forming an anticyclonic spiral monopole (monopole regime), or (ii) propagates along the injection direction, forming a dipolar structure (dipole regime). Which of these characteristic flows occurs depends on the system parameters, the Reynolds number Re, and the buoyancy frequency to Coriolis parameter ratio N/f; a flow regime diagram is developed for the parameter ranges 40≲ Re≲200 and 0≲N/f≲35, respectively. A theoretical analysis is advanced to explain the conditions under which the monopole and dipole regimes occur, including the transition curve between the two regimes. The theory is supported by laboratory experiments. Some geophysical examples of the considered flows are discussed.
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