Abstract
In plants, as in all eukaryotes, the vertical transmission of genetic information through reproduction ensures the maintenance of the integrity of species. However, many reports over the past few years have clearly shown that horizontal gene transfers, referred to as HGTs (the interspecific transmission of genetic information across reproductive barriers) are very common in nature and concern all living organisms including plants. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has opened new perspectives for the study of HGTs through comparative genomic approaches. In this review, we provide an up-to-date view of our current knowledge of HGTs in plants.
Highlights
This should result in the absence of both introns and the promoter region of the newly integrated gene, which raises the question of the fate of such genes in the recipient species. An example of this is the transfer of a gene of unknown function from the parasitic plant Striga to Sorghum: Yoshida et al [26] demonstrated that a gene encoding a 448 amino acids protein was transferred between these two species
The authors evidenced the occurrence of 32 Horizontal Transfers of Transposable Elements (HTTs) among this sample of 40 angiosperm species, which led them to estimate that hundreds of thousands of HTTs had occurred among flowering plants within the last two million years, providing strong evidence that HTTs are important for the survival of transposable elements (TEs) in plant genomes and suggesting that interspecies gene flows in ecosystems are frequent
It is widely admitted that horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) are widespread in eukaryotes and this review provides some examples of HGTs where plants are involved
Summary
The The species presence of a sequence shared by phylogenetically distant species, albeit not by more closely related taxa, could suggest and that of the horizontally transferred genes This requires sequence information for a large phythe occurrence of an HGT. This third criterion must, be taken with caution since patchy distribution in phylogenies logenetic asgene well as to identify presence of the transferred gene a large enough species may bepanel, caused by losses. The presence of a sequence shared by phylogenetically distant species, albeit not by more closely related taxa, could suggest the occurrence of an HGT This third criterion must, be taken with caution since patchy distribution in phylogenies may be caused by gene losses. Bold lines illustrate the difference in the phylogenetic distance between taxa F and G and the nucleotidic distance between the horizontally transferred genes
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