Abstract
Bladder cancer is a complex disease and could be classified into non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive subtypes according to the distinct genetic background and clinical prognosis. It is necessary to find a non-invasive, economical and efficient method for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Translational medicine provides such an opportunity. Genomics, proteomics, molecular biology, bioinformatics and the like that aid in studying and exploring the mechanism of bladder cancer development, bladder cancer-related genes, signalling pathways, key molecules or targets can be clearly used for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Biomarkers have been developed as part of a new detection kit for the early screening, diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of bladder cancer through translational medicine. Additionally, targeted drugs and immunological preparations can be used for the treatment of bladder cancer and further improve its existing diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
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