Hop-derived Xanthohumol Induces HL-60 Leukemia Cells Death

Abstract

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) affects both kids and adults, however it is more prevalent in younger population. Although APL has a favorable prognostic, patients that relapse often do not respond positively to additional chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a need to further identify ways to overcome these challenges. 
 Hypothesis: In this study, we examined antileukemic effects of xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid derived from hops (Humulus lupulus L), on human promyelocytic HL-60 cells. 
 Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were exposed to different concentrations of XN (μM) for 24 h. Cell viability, cell morphology, chromatin condensation, cPARP-1 level, and caspase-3 activation, and the expression of p21WAF1/Cip1 were analyzed.
 Results: XN reduced HL-60 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. XN induced a dose-dependent morphological changes including cell shrinkage and blebbing, and significantly increased the number of cells with condensed chromatin. XN significantly increased the level of cPARP-1, active caspase-3, and the expression of p21WAF/CIP mRNA.
 Conclusion: These data indicate that XN induces HL-60 cell death by regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis. This study suggests that XN may have antileukemic preventive effects.