Hop-Count Quantization Ranging and Hybrid Cuckoo Search Optimized for DV-HOP in WSNs

Abstract

Localization technology occupies a very important position in wireless sensor network (WSN). Distance vector-hop (DV-HOP) algorithm is range-free localization algorithm and has advantages of low overhead and can handle the case where a normal node has less than three neighbor anchors. However, considering the problem of high localization error of DV-HOP algorithm in WSN. An hybrid DV-HOP localization algorithm based on hop-count quantization anchor and modified cuckoo search (HMCS-D) is proposed. The algorithm using the correction factor to correct the number of hops that can reduce the error caused by the recording inaccurate minimum hops. The nodes of the hop neighbor nodes in the network are divided into three disjoint subsets and the distance between the nodes is estimated according geometric method. Then according to the weight of each anchor node to select average jump distance of unknown nodes. Finally, introduced hybrid cuckoo search which can dynamically adjust the search step size and using the search algorithm to calculate the node coordinates instead of the maximum likelihood estimation method. Simulation results show that compare with DV-HOP and cuckoo search DV-HOP algorithm, the average positioning error of HMCS-D algorithm decrease 39.7%, 10.6% respectively. Prove that the HMCS-D algorithm effectively improve the node localization accuracy, reduce the positioning error and without affecting the hardware cost.