Honeycomb-like triazine-based conjugated microporous polymers exhibiting simultaneous and ultrasensitive detection of fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using solid-phase microextraction technique

Abstract

BackgroundSince the severe hazard to the ecosystem and widespread distribution through biological and man-made ways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), it is very urgent to establish the ultrasensitive analytical method to quantitatively and directly monitor PAHs in real samples. However, because of the complicated environmental matrix and their trace concentration, the pre-concentration process is a necessary step to analyze of these compounds. In this study, solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique was proposed to separate and enrich fifteen trace PAHs from environmental samples. ResultsIn this work, a honeycomb-like triazine-based conjugated microporous polymers (T-CMPs) were prepared by Yamamoto reaction and firstly used as SPME coating material for the ultrasensitive direct-immersion-SPME of PAHs prior to high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The synthesized T-CMPs was characterized using various spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques. The unique porous network of T-CMPs might deliver abundant adsorption sites for PAHs. Orthogonal experimental design (OED) was used to investigate the influence of four experimental parameters on the enrichment ability. Under optimal situation, a wide linear range (which lasted from 0.003 to 1000 μg L−1) with the coefficients of determination (R2) varying 0.9981 to 0.9993 was obtained. The limits of detection (LODs) for the analytes varied from 0.001 to 1.650 μg L−1, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.003 and 4.960 μg L−1. The proposed method was effectively employed to the simultaneous and ultrasensitive detection of fifteen PAHs in industrial wastewaters. The relative recoveries for PAHs analysis varied from 74.6 % to 105 % with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.1 %–7.5 % in real water samples. SignificanceThe prepared SPME coating material exhibited a simultaneous, high extraction and adsorption capacity for fifteen PAHs due to its honeycomb-like porous structure, ultra-large specific surface area, strong π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. The present research developed a novel strategy for the construction of SPME fiber coating composites and demonstrated great application potential in the field of sample pretreatment and environmental analytical chemistry.