Abstract
The necessity to find sodium ion battery cathodes with high capacity and improved cycle life has stimulated the research on sodium containing layered transition metal oxides. With this perspective, we have examined the electrochemical properties of highly ordered, honeycomb layered oxide Na3M(II)2M(V)O6, with monoclinic super structure as a cathode in sodium ion battery. One of this class materials, Na3Ni2BiO6, is able to reversibly deliver specific discharge capacities of up to 109 mAh/g with very flat voltage plateaus ~3.5V vs. Na/Na+. Complex structural changes occuring during charging/discharging is investigated by using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Long range- as well as local- structures at different charged/discharged states have been also probed ex situ using combined synchrotron based x-ray techniques such as high resolution XRD (HRPD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The Ni3+/Ni2+ active redox couple during charge/discharge is also confirmed by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.
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