Abstract
Background: Cyclopia is endemic to regions of the Cape Floristic Region across the Eastern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa and is commonly known as honeybush. Honeybush has historically been used as an herbal tea, and has proven medicinal properties. Honeybush biomass and extracts are used in the functional foods and cosmetics sectors, both locally and overseas. The growing demand for honeybush calls for increased agricultural production and a shift away from the predominantly wild harvested supply.Objectives: The current study aimed to address the lack of baseline knowledge on honeybush phenology and its associated arthropod community to advance sustainable production of commercially valued plants in the genus.Method: The study was conducted on wild and cultivated Cyclopia species (Cyclopia maculata and Cyclopia genistoides) at respective sites in the Overberg region. Sampling took place from April 2014 to April 2015 using qualitative methods for recording seasonal honeybush phenology and suction sampling for aboveground arthropods. Focal insect taxa (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera) were sorted and identified to family level and classified into functional feeding guilds.Results: Qualitative phenology observations of wild C. maculata and cultivated C. genistoides indicated a high level of congruency in seasonality of phenophase stages. Associated arthropod assemblages contained a diversity of families per functional feeding group, namely phytophagous, zoophagous and omnivorous taxa, with high seasonal variability.Conclusion: Findings highlight the complexity of ecological elements to be taken into consideration for ecologically sound honeybush cultivation. Outcomes can be applied to land management practices and governance policies promoting sustainable agroecosystems in honeybush production areas.
Highlights
The Cape Fynbos genus Cyclopia (Fabeacea), generically referred to as honeybush, comprises 23 species, which make up to 0.28% of the approximately 9000 floral species and intraspecific taxa present in South Africa’s Cape Floristic Region (CFR) (Goldblatt, Manning & Snijman 2005; Manning 2018)
Various Cyclopia species are endemic to coastal plains and mountainous areas within the CFR (Joubert et al 2011; Van der Walt 2000), and species are distributed across the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces
This study aimed to investigate and determine the phenology of two commercially relevant Cyclopia spp., namely C. maculata and C. genistoides, in relation to insect diversity and abundance across phenological stages
Summary
The Cape Fynbos genus Cyclopia (Fabeacea), generically referred to as honeybush, comprises 23 species, which make up to 0.28% of the approximately 9000 floral species and intraspecific taxa present in South Africa’s Cape Floristic Region (CFR) (Goldblatt, Manning & Snijman 2005; Manning 2018). Various Cyclopia species are endemic to coastal plains and mountainous areas within the CFR (Joubert et al 2011; Van der Walt 2000), and species are distributed across the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces. Several of these are among the diverse plant species of South Africa’s Fynbos, a fire-driven vegetation complex rich with species recognised for their human-use value. The growing demand for honeybush calls for increased agricultural production and a shift away from the predominantly wild harvested supply
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