Abstract
Honey, a natural sweetener has been used universally as a complete food and in complementary medicine since early antiquity. Honey contains over 180 substances, including sugars mainly fructose and glucose, water and a plethora of minor constituents such as vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. The chemical composition of honey varies depending on floral origin, environment and geographical conditions. The sugar components dominate honey composition and they are accountable for sensory and physicochemical properties in food industry. Although present in small quantities, non-sugar components are the major contributors to the health benefits of honey. Our review summarizes and discusses composition of honey, its protective effects and possible action modes on risk factors of atherosclerosis.
Highlights
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease occurring in the inner lining of arterial walls due to the progressive plaque formation [1]
In another study on the effects of five different honey beverages on human serum, the authors reported serum antioxidant capacity (AOC) in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay increased by 7% (p < 0.05) after intake of buckwheat honey blended beverages (160 g/L), even though values of the serum lipoprotein oxidation and its by-product obtained from thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay were insignificantly changed
Honey composition is a mixture of saturated sugar and non-sugar constituents, varying to the environment, botanical and geographical origin
Summary
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease occurring in the inner lining of arterial walls due to the progressive plaque formation [1]. Phenolic compounds are known to offer complementary and overlapping modes of action through compounds are known to offer complementary and overlapping modes of action through antioxidant antioxidant activity, antibacterial and antiviral activities, modulating detoxification enzymes, activity, antibacterial and antiviral activities, modulating detoxification enzymes, stimulating the stimulating the immune system, reducing platelet aggregation, modulating cholesterol synthesis and immune system, reducing platelet aggregation, modulating cholesterol synthesis and reducing blood reducing blood pressure among the others [4,20,21] Their presence in the composition pressure among the others [4,20,21].
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