Abstract
The 3D Prandtl fluid flow through a bidirectional extending surface is analytically investigated. Cattaneo–Christov fluid model is employed to govern the heat and mass flux during fluid motion. The Prandtl fluid motion is mathematically modeled using the law of conservations of mass, momentum, and energy. The set of coupled nonlinear PDEs is converted to ODEs by employing appropriate similarity relations. The system of coupled ODEs is analytically solved using the well-established mathematical technique of HAM. The impacts of various physical parameters over the fluid state variables are investigated by displaying their corresponding plots. The augmenting Prandtl parameter enhances the fluid velocity and reduces the temperature and concentration of the fluid. The momentum boundary layer boosts while the thermal boundary layer mitigates with the rising elastic parameter ( α 2 ) strength. Furthermore, the enhancing thermal relaxation parameter ( γ e )) reduces the temperature distribution, whereas the augmenting concentration parameter ( γ c ) drops the strength of the concentration profile. The increasing Prandtl parameter declines the fluid temperature while the augmenting Schmidt number drops the fluid concentration. The comparison of the HAM technique with the numerical solution shows an excellent agreement and hence ascertains the accuracy of the applied analytical technique. This work finds applications in numerous fields involving the flow of non-Newtonian fluids.
Highlights
Non-Newtonian fluids are those fluids that do not obey Newton’s law of fluid motion. e Newtonian fluids have constant viscosity as evidenced by the direct relationship between the shear stress and the resulting strain. e majority of applications of non-Newtonian fluids in different fields such as petroleum production, bio-chemicals preparation, pharmaceutical industry, food, and power engineering, have been thoroughly investigated by various researchers and investigators. e non-Newtonian fluids, for example, genetic and manufactured liquid organisms, polymers, emulsions, paints, blood, oil, toothpaste, and ketchup, have a crucial and important role in this advanced scientific, industrial, and technological arena. e nonNewtonian fluids due to their complex and nonlinear nature are very difficult to be handled both numerically as well as analytically as compared to Newtonian fluids
Non-Newtonian fluids may be further divided into many types based on their physical characteristics. ere exists an important type called shear thinning or pseudoplastic fluids
Amanullah et al [7] investigated the hydromagnetic flow of Prandtl-Eyring fluid through an isothermal permeable spherical surface, considering the magnetic and slip effects. e effect of slip-on electrically conductive hydromagnetic boundary layer flow through an exponentially extended sheet with viscous dissipation and thermal radiation has been investigated by Mukhopadhyay [8]
Summary
Non-Newtonian fluids are those fluids that do not obey Newton’s law of fluid motion. e Newtonian fluids have constant viscosity as evidenced by the direct relationship between the shear stress and the resulting strain. e majority of applications of non-Newtonian fluids in different fields such as petroleum production, bio-chemicals preparation, pharmaceutical industry, food, and power engineering, have been thoroughly investigated by various researchers and investigators. e non-Newtonian fluids, for example, genetic and manufactured liquid organisms, polymers, emulsions, paints, blood, oil, toothpaste, and ketchup, have a crucial and important role in this advanced scientific, industrial, and technological arena. e nonNewtonian fluids due to their complex and nonlinear nature are very difficult to be handled both numerically as well as analytically as compared to Newtonian fluids. MHD and electrically conducting flows of non-Newtonian fluids through stretching surfaces have enormous applications in the different fields of engineering and technology. Ibrahim et al [31] numerically analyzed the impacts of heat source and applied magnetic field on the mixed convective MHD dissipative Casson nanoliquid stagnation-point flow through a stretching surface by taking into account the convective boundary condition and velocity slip impacts. Kumar et al [32] thoroughly examined the hydromagnetic flow of chemically reactive non-Newtonian viscoelastic Williamson liquid through a curved/flat sheet with generation of variable heat and radiation effects. Das and Zheng [33] studied the impacts of melting and external magnetic force on the stagnation-point flow of conducting viscoelastic Jeffrey fluid through a curved surface with Newtonian heating. E geometry and mathematical model of the problem under investigation are presented in Section 2. e model equations are transformed to simple form by using similarity relations. e solution methodology of HAM applied to solve the reduced model is explained in Section 3. e convergence analysis of the applied procedure is discussed in Section 4 by displaying graphs and tables of the state variables. e results are displayed through different graphs describing the impacts of physical parameters over the state functions in Section 5. e work is concluded in the last section
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