Abstract
Historically, minimum system demand has usually occurred overnight. However, in recent years, the increased penetration of rooftop photovoltaic systems (RPVs) has caused an even lower demand at midday, forcing some of the conventional generators to shut down only hours before the evening peak demand period. This further complicates the job of power system operators, who need to run the conventional generator at the minimum stable level at the midday low-demand period so that they can reliably supply power during the peak periods. Employing a community battery storage system can alleviate some of the technical issues caused by the high penetration of RPVs. This paper proposed a design criterion for community battery energy storage systems and employed the battery for the improvement of the duck curve profile and providing the desired level of peak-shaving. Furthermore, remote communities with high penetration of RPVs with a community battery energy storage can achieve the desired level of self-sufficiency. To this end, this study recommends and confirms an applicable design criterion for community battery energy storage. The study shows that the suitable size of community battery storage should be based on the community’s daily excess generation and consumption requirements. The results of various scenarios performed on the proposed design criterion show the extent to which the desired objectives of peak-shaving, duck curve mitigation, and self-sufficiency can be achieved.
Highlights
The increase in rooftop photovoltaic systems (RPVs) penetration, mainly in residential buildings, has significantly decreased carbon footprints and has assisted governments in achieving clean energy targets
On the basis of this background, this paper proposes a design criterion for community BES (CBES) based on the penetration level of RPVs in the community
This study focused on various design components of a CBES to achieve the desired technical objectives of peak-shaving capabilities, self-sufficiency, and duck curve profile improvements
Summary
The increase in rooftop photovoltaic systems (RPVs) penetration, mainly in residential buildings, has significantly decreased carbon footprints and has assisted governments in achieving clean energy targets. Suppose this trend of increased penetration of RPVs continues In this case, it will not be an economically viable option generators toofremain online during midday low-demand periods, presenting a real risk penetration. The BES installation in residential households is minimal currently, primarily due to the high cost and long payback period [5] This means that challenges brought in by the increased unmanaged penetration of RPVs will further worsen and threaten the power system security and reliability. The proposed design criterion can help improve the utilities’ technical issues, such as increasing the community’s self-sufficiency, mitigating duck curve profile, and enabling peak-shaving. The significant contribution is formulating the parameters for the mitigation of duck curve, increasing peak-shaving, and enabling self-sufficiency on the basis of the size of the community with RPVs with the help of a CBES
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