Abstract
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) was proposed as an environmentally benign reaction medium for phosphine-free Pd-catalyzed homogeneous Heck coupling reaction of iodobenzene and styrene derivatives. Detailed c...
Highlights
The modern chemical industry that almost exclusively depends on fossil-based carbon resources provides millions of products that maintain or even increase the living standards of our society.[1]
The solvent as an intrinsic part of the chemical reactions can have a significant influence on the outcome of both stoichiometric or even catalytic reactions
Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have emerged as one of the most powerful tools for the creative construction of both carbon−carbon and carbon−heteroatom bonds, especially in the multistep synthesis of biologically active compounds.[8−10] From the series of typically applied d10 metals, Pd-catalyzed transformations have received great interest, due to their excellent chemoselectivity, functional group tolerance, and mild operation conditions, which are of great importance in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.[11−14] Among these reactions, the Heck crosscoupling between an aryl halide and an sp[2] carbon atom
Summary
The modern chemical industry that almost exclusively depends on fossil-based carbon resources provides millions of products that maintain or even increase the living standards of our society.[1] Within these technological systems, the properties of synthetic transformation(s), as the heart of the process, play a key role in the molecular level control of the environmental impact from chemical production. Oil refineries, having a throughput of almost 83 000 barrels per day,[6] continuously provide resources for the chemical industry from bulk chemicals and reagents to organic solvents, an estimated industrial-scale annual production of almost 20 million metric tons.[7] The solvent as an intrinsic part of the chemical reactions can have a significant influence on the outcome of both stoichiometric or even catalytic reactions. Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have emerged as one of the most powerful tools for the creative construction of both carbon−carbon and carbon−heteroatom bonds, especially in the multistep synthesis of biologically active compounds.[8−10] From the series of typically applied d10 metals, Pd-catalyzed transformations have received great interest, due to their excellent chemoselectivity, functional group tolerance, and mild operation conditions, which are of great importance in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.[11−14] Among these reactions, the Heck crosscoupling between an aryl halide and an sp[2] carbon atom
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