Abstract
The fully printed, hole-transporter-free carbon perovskite solar cell structure incorporating a triple mesoscopic layer has emerged as a possible frontrunner for early industrialisation. It is an attractive structure because it can be fabricated by the simple sequential screen printing and sintering of titania, zirconia, and carbon. The device is finalised by manual dropping of a perovskite precursor solution onto the carbon which subsequently infiltrates. This stage in device fabrication is inhomogeneous, ineffective for large areas, and prone to human error. Here we introduce an automated deposition and infiltration system using a robotic dispenser and mesh which delivers the perovskite precursor uniformly to the carbon surface over a large area. It has been successfully used to prepare perovskite solar cells with over 9% efficiency. Cells, prepared by this robotic mesh deposition, showed comparable performance to reference cells, made by standard drop deposition, confirming this approach to be effective and reliable. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm the uniformity of the deposition over a large area.
Highlights
Organic–inorganic halide perovskites are a class of material that allow the preparation of efficient thin film solar cells via solution phase deposition
Perovskite precursor solutions are typically manually applied to the carbon surface using a pipette via either a 1-step [10,11] or 2-step [16,17] approach and only recently by inkjet printing [18]
We present a novel deposition method, which involves the use of a robotic dispenser and a mesh to and quickly deposit binder-free inks, such as perovskite solutions, homogeneously over a large area (Figure 1)
Summary
Organic–inorganic halide perovskites are a class of material that allow the preparation of efficient thin film solar cells via solution phase deposition. We present a novel deposition method, which involves the use of a robotic dispenser and a mesh to and quickly deposit binder-free inks, such as perovskite solutions, homogeneously over a large area (Figure 1). In this robotic mesh (RbM) deposition technique, the automated dispenser applies a controlled volume of solution onto the mesh. This means that from the introduction of the substrate through to the completion of an encapsulated device, the sequential layering by screen printing, infiltration using the RbM, and a final dip process are all mechanised and uniform This has significant potential for unlocking highvolume continuous manufacture
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